The lipid profile is a group of tests that are often ordered to determine risk of coronary heart disease. The tests that make up a lipid profile are tests that have been shown to be good indicators of whether someone is likely to have a heart attack or stroke caused by blockage of blood vessels (hardening of the arteries).

The lipid profile includes total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol (often called good cholesterol), LDL-cholesterol (often called bad cholesterol), and triglycerides. Sometimes the report will include additional calculated values such as HDL/Cholesterol ratio or a risk score based on lipid profile results, age, sex, and other risk factors.

X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation, just like visible light. An x-ray (radiograph) is a painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. Radiography involves exposing a part of the body to a small dose of ionizing radiation to produce pictures of the inside of the body. X-rays are the oldest and most frequently used form of medical imaging.
Structures that are dense (such as bone) will block most of the x-ray particles, and will appear white. Metal and contrast media (special dye used to highlight areas of the body) will also appear white. Structures containing air will be black and muscle, fat, and fluid will appear as shades of gray.

Mammogram is probably the most important screen tool for doctors as it helps them to diagnose and treat breast cancer at the earliest. Also, annual mammogram enables doctors to provide follow-up care to women who have earlier been diagnosed and treated for breast cancer.  Safe and highly accurate, a mammogram is an X-ray photograph of the breast. The technique has been in use for about thirty years.

A bone densitometry scan is a special type of X-ray test used to measure the calcium content of the bone. How does a bone densitometry scan differ from an X-ray? A bone densitometry scan measures the calcium content in the bones, which cannot be evaluated in an ordinary X-ray. Although an X-ray may appear to show that the bones have low calcium content, the information is unreliable. Someone with osteoporosis may have perfectly normal X-rays. X-ray is far more reliable when it comes to detecting a recent bone fracture.

A complete blood count (CBC) gives important information about the cells in the blood, especially red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. CBC helps your doctor to diagnose conditions, such as anemia, infection, and many other disorders. These calculations are generally determined by specially designed machines that analyze the different components of blood in less than a minute. The complete blood count is generated by testing a simple blood sample.

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is an electrical recording of the heart and is used in the investigation of heart disease.
ECG measures the electrical activity of the heart. In an ECG test, the electrical impulses made while the heart is beating are recorded, and usually shown on a piece of paper. This records any problems with the heart's rhythm, and the conduction of the heartbeat through the heart which may be affected by underlying heart disease

A Pap test is done during a pelvic exam. You will lie on an exam table with a sheet over your legs and stomach. Next, you will put your feet on the holders called stirrups, and let your knees fall to the side. A nurse or doctor uses a plastic or metal instrument called a speculum to look into your vagina. He or she then uses a small, soft brush to take a few cells from your cervix (opening to the womb). This test takes only a few seconds. A lab will check these cells for cancer or other problems. Your doctor may also do an HPV test at this time.

TMT is exercise ECG and observation of patient during a graded stress. For men who are 30 years and above and with a normal ECG, TMT provides vital information about the exercise tolerance and ECG changes during the physical exercise, which increases the heart rate and blood pressure. Patients with coronary artery blockages may have minimal symptoms, and an unremarkable or unchanged ECG while at rest. However, symptoms and signs of a heart disease may become unmasked by exposing the heart to the stress of exercise. During exercise, healthy coronary arteries dilate (develop a more open channel) than an artery that has a blockage. This unequal dilation causes more blood to be delivered to heart muscle supplied by the normal artery. In contrast, narrowed arteries end up supplying reduced flow to the required area of distribution. This reduced flow causes the involved muscle to "starve" during exercise. The "starvation" may produce symptoms (like chest discomfort or inappropriate shortness of breath), and the ECG may produce characteristic abnormalities. During an exercise ECG (TMT), you may either walk on a motor-driven treadmill or pedal a stationary bicycle.

Ultrasonography is an ideal clinical tool for determining the source of abdominal pain. It can simplify the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain, especially when pain and tenderness are present over the site of disease. Upper abdominal pain is one of the common complaints in patients seeking medical advice.

Ultrasound imaging, also called ultrasound scanning or sonography, involves exposing part of the body to high-frequency sound waves to produce pictures of the inside of the body. Ultrasound exams do not use ionizing radiation (x-ray). Because ultrasound images are captured in real-time, they can show the structure and movement of the body's internal organs, as well as blood flowing through blood vessels.

Ultrasound imaging is usually a painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions.
Abdominal ultrasound imaging is performed to evaluate the:

The test is done in the ultrasound or radiology department. You will be asked to lie down for the procedure. A clear, water-based conducting gel is applied to the skin over the area being examined to help with the transmission of the sound waves. The ultrasound transducer (a handheld probe) is then moved over the abdomen. The procedure usually takes less than 30 minutes.

Audiometry is the testing of a person's ability to hear various sound frequencies. It is used to identify and diagnose hearing problems. The test is performed with the use of electronic equipment called an audiometer. Audiometry provides a more precise measurement of hearing.

Spirometry is a test that can help diagnose various lung conditions, most commonly COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). It is also used to monitor the severity of certain lung conditions, and their response to treatment. A spirometer is a device which measures the amount of air that you can blow out. The device has a mouthpiece that you use to blow into. You breathe in fully, and then, seal your lips around the mouthpiece of the spirometer. You then blow out as fast and as far as you can until your lungs are completely empty. This can take several seconds. You may also be asked to breathe in fully and then breathe out slowly as far as you can. A clip may be put onto your nose to make sure that no air escapes from your nose. The above routine may be done two or three times to check that the readings are much the same each time you blow into the machine. Spirometry measures how well the lungs exhale. The information gathered during this test is useful in diagnosing certain types of lung disorders, but is most useful when assessing for obstructive lung diseases (especially asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD).

The primary function of the kidney is to filter waste products from the bloodstream. The failure of the kidneys to function properly will lead to the accumulation of certain waste products (blood urea nitrogen or BUN) that can seriously alter the body's chemistry. If left untreated, this condition can result in death. Using the kidney profile, the physician acquires crucial information in regard to the present functioning capacity of the kidneys. This test measures (quantitatively) amount of waste products in the blood. The kidney profile is an important test that can diagnose not only kidney disease, but also severe dehydration. Patients with consistently abnormal kidney profiles, despite good hydration (fluid intake), may require additional tests to determine the exact extent of kidney malfunction. This is also a routine screening test.

Liver function tests (LFT) represent a broad range of normal functions performed by the liver. LFTs are a group of blood tests that can help to show how well a person's liver is working. LFTs include measurements of albumin, various liver enzymes, bilirubin, prothrombin time, cholesterol, and total protein. All of these tests can be performed at the same time.An abnormal result indicates a problem with the liver, and may help to identify the cause. Further tests may be needed to clarify the cause of the liver problem.

The diagnosis of liver disease depends upon a complete medical history, complete physical examination, and evaluation of liver function tests.